The term
"going public" refers to a company’s initial sale of its securities
(usually common stock) to the general public. It is accomplished by
registering securities with the federal Securities and Exchange
Commission and state securities commissions and hiring an underwriter to
sell them to the general public. Going public is a goal of many
companies enabling them to raise money, provide liquidity for the
subsequent sale of stock, and create an ascertainable market value for
shares.
Going
public requires a great deal of consideration of a number of factors
including timing, company history, profitability, sales, prospects for
the future, company and industry growth, and management personality. The
advantages and disadvantages of going public should be weighed carefully
before making a decision.
Among the advantages management should
consider:
- Lower cost of capital
- Increased shareholder liquidity
- Enhanced ability to grow through expanded capital
opportunities
- Improved company image
The
advantages of going public are substantial, but can be easily outweighed
by the disadvantages. Each situation depends on management’s goals and
circumstances surrounding the company.
Among the disadvantages management
should consider:
- Additional expense associated with regulatory and
public reporting requirements
- Loss of confidentiality and management control
- Periodic financial reporting
- Pressure from shareholders to enhance share value
- Restrictions on stock sales
Amvest
analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives to an initial
public offering. If the decision is to proceed, Amvest assists in
preparing the company for the IPO. Amvest provides pre-sale positioning
service, which enhances a company’s salient features (see the section
entitled "Pre-Sale Positioning" for more information). An IPO is not a
decision to be made lightly or alone. The IPO process generally takes
twelve months or longer and requires a serious financial and time
commitment by the senior management team. The process for a secondary
public offering is similar, but includes additional regulatory items.